Man Made Object In Space

           Top Man Made Object In Space

Here are some notable man-made objects in space:

1. International Space Station (ISS):

The International Space Station is bigger than a football field, measuring around 356 feet by 240 feet. The International Space Station (ISS) far surpasses Skylab and the Russian Mir in size, weighing in about 450 tons (just under 900,000 pounds). Instead of being launched all at once, the station was constructed in 2011 using pressurized modules. It has trusses for structural support and solar panels for electricity. 


2. Hubble Space Telescope:

Since 1990, the Hubble space telescope has been the biggest of its type. Hubble weighs roughly 27,000 pounds, or the equivalent of two fully grown African elephants, and measures about 43.5 feet long, or the length of a big school bus, having made more than 1.3 million observations since its launch. The aiming precision of.007 arc seconds, which was sent into orbit from the Kennedy orbit Center aboard the space shuttle Discovery, is about comparable to focusing a laser beam on Franklin D. Roosevelt's head from a distance of 200 miles.  
  


3. Voyager Probes (Voyager 1 and Voyager 2):
 
The Voyager 1 and 2 missions are truly remarkable achievements in space exploration.They started their ambitious voyage in 1977, and since then, they have given us a wealth of scientific knowledge and iconic pictures of our solar system.

Voyager 1 and 2 made groundbreaking discoveries, including identifying active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io and discovering 22 moons across the outer planets. Voyager 2 also extended its mission to photograph Uranus and Neptune.

These spacecraft have ventured into interstellar space, a first for any human-made object, providing crucial data about the distant solar system and interstellar conditions. Despite their vast distance from Earth, both Voyagers continue to transmit data back, offering insights into the space beyond.

Carrying a golden record with scenes, sounds, music, and greetings from Earth, the Voyager spacecraft aim to provide a glimpse of our world to any potential extraterrestrial civilizations that may encounter them in the future. They are expected to continue their journey, passing other stars over thousands of years, enriching our understanding of the cosmos.

4. Mars Helicopter (Ingenuity):

The Perseverance rover's Ingenuity drone, a miniature helicopter, shows that powered flight is possible in the tenuous Martian atmosphere.



5. Satellites for Earth Observation:

Many satellites circle Earth and gather data for a variety of purposes, including communications, environmental monitoring, and weather forecasting. The GOES satellites and the Landsat series are two examples.


6.Parker Solar Probe


The Parker Solar Probe is a groundbreaking NASA mission launched on August 12, 2018, designed to study the Sun up close and unlock the mysteries of the solar corona. Here are some key highlights about this remarkable mission:

a) Closest Approach to the Sun:
    The Parker Solar Probe's mission involves swooping within approximately 4 million miles of the Sun's surface, enduring intense heat and radiation.

b) Mission Objective:
     The Parker Solar Probe's main objective is to research the solar corona in order to comprehend solar activity and phenomena, such as the solar wind and magnetic fields, which have an influence on Earth's technology and space weather.

c) Significance of Solar Wind:
    Eugene Parker, after whom the mission was named, theorized the existence of the solar wind in the 1950s, revolutionizing our understanding of the Sun's behavior and its influence on the solar system.

d) Understanding the Solar Corona:
      The Parker Solar Probe seeks to understand why the Sun's outermost layer, the solar corona, is hotter than its surface, defying accepted physics.

e) Historical Naming:
    Because of Eugene Parker's groundbreaking work in solar physics, the Parker Solar Probe is the first NASA mission to bear his name.

f) Legacy of Eugene Parker:
    We continue to learn more about the Sun thanks to Eugene Parker's theories and contributions to solar physics, which also influence space exploration and study.

g) Scientific Contributions:
     We will be able to predict and lessen the effects of important space-weather events on technology and life on Earth thanks in large part to the data gathered by the Parker Solar Probe.

h) Tribute to Eugene Parker:
  The Parker Solar Probe became the first NASA mission to be named after a living individual, reflecting Eugene Parker's unparalleled contributions to solar physics. 
Parker sadly passed away in March 2022 at the age of 94, leaving behind a significant legacy in the fields of astrophysics and space travel.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission

     Chandrayaan-3 Mission Soft-landing


Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2, aiming to demonstrate end-to-end capabilities in safe lunar landing and roving. The mission includes a Lander module (LM), a Propulsion module (PM), and a Rover to advance interplanetary mission technologies. Here are key details and objectives:


Mission Components:

- Lander Module (LM):

  - Lander Payloads:

    - Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) for measuring thermal conductivity and temperature.

    - Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) to measure seismicity near the landing site.

    - Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate plasma density and variations.

  - Lander special tests include integrated cold and hot tests, as well as testing the landing leg mechanism on lunar simulant.


- Propulsion Module (PM):

  - Carries the LM to a lunar orbit of 100 km and separates from it.

  - Accommodates Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study Earth from lunar orbit.


- Rover:

  - Rover Payloads:

    - Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) to analyze elemental composition near the landing site.



Mission Objectives:

1. Safe and Soft Lunar Landing:

  - Demonstrate a safe and soft landing on the lunar surface.


2. Rover Mobility on the Moon:

   - Demonstrate rover mobility and its ability to rove on the lunar surface.


3. In-situ Scientific Experiments:

   - Conduct in-situ scientific experiments on the lunar surface.



Technological Advancements:

- Lander Technologies:

 - Altimeters (Laser & RF-based), velocimeters (Laser Doppler Velocimeter), inertial measurement (Laser Gyro-based), propulsion system (800N Throttleable Liquid Engines, 58N attitude thrusters), navigation, guidance, and control (Powered Descent Trajectory design and associated software elements), hazard detection and avoidance (Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera, Processing Algorithm), and landing leg mechanism.

Testing and Preparation:

- Various specialized tests have been planned and carried out to demonstrate the advanced technologies required for lunar landing and operations.


Mission Launch:

- The mission will be launched using LVM3 M4 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota, aiming for a 100 km circular polar lunar orbit.


Overall, Chandrayaan-3 aims to advance lunar exploration capabilities and demonstrate vital technologies essential for future interplanetary missions.